Teachers spend a great deal of time preparing lesson plans and presenting them to teach students important information. However, it is not just the sending of information that is essential; it is also the receiving of the information. Learning relies on memory that consists of many different processes: encoding – getting information into memory, storage – retaining the information, and retrieval – gaining access to the desired material. As with every other skill, no two stude

Brought to you by Learning Disabilities Worldwide (LDW®) through the generosity of Saint Joseph's University. The deliberate organization of a classroom environment can provide students with visual clues to positively influence their social competence. The management of physical space to encourage functional independence is known as structuring. “Structuring is the management of time, space, and materials to promote social competence” (Kostelnik, Gregory, Soderman, & Whiren,

Brought to you by Learning Disabilities Worldwide (LDW®) through the generosity of Saint Joseph's University. Imagine that you have posed the following problem to your students, “Find the difference between 18 and 7?” What responses might you expect? You would likely get varied responses depending on students’ interpretation of “difference.” Some students may immediately answer “11” as they understand “difference” to mean “subtraction.” However, other students may respond by